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Last updated date: 06-Dec-2024

Medically Reviewed By

Written by

Dr. Yahia H. Alsharif

Originally Written in English

Adult Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

    Overview

    Adult jaundice refers to the noticeable yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, a condition caused by an elevated concentration of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, is produced during the natural breakdown of red blood cells. Under normal circumstances, the liver efficiently processes and eliminates bilirubin through bile. However, disruptions in this process—due to liver dysfunction, bile duct blockages, or excessive red blood cell destruction—lead to bilirubin buildup, resulting in jaundice.

    This in-depth guide delves into the causes of adult jaundice, its symptoms, diagnostic strategies, and advanced treatment options. Through a detailed exploration, you will uncover actionable insights to help you better understand the condition and discover how leading healthcare providers address and manage jaundice effectively, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.

    What Is Jaundice?

    Jaundice

    Jaundice, medically referred to as hyperbilirubinemia, is not a disease in itself but a visible symptom signaling an underlying medical issue. It occurs when bilirubin—a yellow pigment produced during the natural breakdown of red blood cells—accumulates in the blood. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin, mixes it with bile, and excretes it through the digestive tract. However, when the liver's function is compromised or the bile ducts become obstructed, bilirubin builds up, resulting in the characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes.

    Types of Jaundice

    Jaundice can be categorized into three main types based on the underlying cause:

    1. Hemolytic Jaundice:
      This type arises from the excessive destruction of red blood cells, producing more bilirubin than the liver can handle. Conditions like hemolytic anemia or sickle cell disease often trigger this form of jaundice.

    2. Hepatocellular Jaundice:
      Caused by liver dysfunction, this type results from diseases or conditions that impair the liver’s ability to process bilirubin. Common culprits include hepatitis, alcohol-induced liver damage, or cirrhosis.

    3. Obstructive Jaundice:
      This occurs when there is a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted. Causes include gallstones, pancreatic tumors, or bile duct strictures.