Overview
Akathisia is a condition characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness or agitation and an overwhelming urge to move or pace. It is a form of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) which is a group of movement disorders that can occur as a side effect of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics and antidepressants. Akathisia can also be caused by underlying medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease, or as a result of a traumatic brain injury. Symptoms of akathisia can include restlessness, anxiety, fidgeting, pacing, and an inability to sit still. It can also cause difficulty sleeping, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.
Diagnosis of akathisia is based on the patient's symptoms and physical examination, and by ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms. There are several rating scales that can be used to assess the severity of akathisia.
Treatment options for akathisia include medication adjustments, beta blockers and other medications. In some cases, psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological therapies may also be beneficial in managing symptoms.