Overview
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare endocrine disorder that affects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine and regulate fluid balance in the body. It results from an insufficient production or an impaired action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. This leads to increased urine production, excessive thirst, and dehydration. There are several types of diabetes insipidus, including central, nephrogenic, and dipsogenic, and their causes and treatment may vary. Central DI is caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, while nephrogenic DI is caused by damage to the kidneys. Dipsogenic DI is caused by excessive fluid intake. Treatment typically involves oral medications or replacement of ADH, and in severe cases, surgical interventions may be needed.