Overview
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. This condition is most commonly seen in individuals with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes, especially if they are not managing their diabetes well or are dealing with an illness.
DKA occurs when there is not enough insulin in the body to regulate the levels of glucose, causing the body to switch to burning fat for energy instead. This process releases ketones, which can lead to an imbalance in the acid-base levels in the blood and result in DKA.
Symptoms of DKA include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, and rapid breathing. If left untreated, DKA can lead to coma and death.
Diagnosis of DKA is made by measuring the levels of glucose and ketones in the blood and through a physical examination. Treatment involves increasing insulin levels, correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and managing the underlying cause of the DKA.