Difficult Nephrotic Syndrome (DNS)

The glomerular filtration barrier is more permeable than usual in people with nephrotic syndrome. It includes edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin concentration below 30 g/L), and nephrotic range proteinuria (urinary protein excretion above 50 mg/kg per day or 40 mg/m2 per hour) (the first two criteria may not be present in all patients). With 16 of every 100 000 children affected, it is one of the most prevalent kidney disorders in children. Primary nephrotic syndrome, such as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (with lack of systemic disease), secondary nephrotic syndrome (with the presence of systemic disease), and congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome (in children in the first year of life) are the different categories for children with nephrotic syndrome. The majority of the latter have a genetic basis and might be either primary or secondary (caused, for example, by infection).

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney condition known that makes your body excrete excessive amounts of protein in the urine. The clusters of tiny blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and extra water from your blood are typically damaged by nephrotic syndrome.