Lymphostasis

Lymphostasis, which is used interchangeably with lymphedema, is a chronic condition characterized by an increase in the lymphatic fluid collection in the body, resulting in swelling and skin and tissue abnormalities. The lymphatic system's capacity to move protein-rich fluids inside the interstitial space and fibro-adipose tissue has been exceeded by a chronic, increasing accumulation of fluid within the interstitium and fibro-adipose tissue. Lymphedema can cause swelling in any area of the body, such as the arms, legs, genital area, cheeks, neck, chest wall, and mouth. A diagnosis of lymphostasis comes with a slew of psychological, physical, and social consequences. Lymphedema is divided into two types: primary lymphedema (inherited) and secondary lymphedema (acquired).

Lymph is transported through lymphatic vessels. White blood cells, lipids, bacteria, cell detritus, water, and protein make up lymph. It has a strong resemblance to blood plasma. Initial lymphatics (lymph capillaries), pre-collectors, collectors, lymphatic trunks, and lymph nodes make up the lymph drainage system. The lymph system is divided into two types: superficial (subcutaneous) and deep (intramuscular or subfascial). The skin and subcutaneous tissue are drained through the superficial system. Muscles, joints, tendon sheaths, and nerves are all drained by the deep system. The perforating vessels, which carry lymph fluid from the subfascial regions to the surface, connect the two systems.

Distal swelling in the extremities, such as the arms, hands, and feet; proximal swelling in the breast, chest, shoulder, pelvis, perineum, genital area, and face tissues; limited range of motion in the joints due to swelling and tissue changes; skin discoloration; pain and altered sensation; limb heaviness; and difficulty fitting into clothing are all physical signs and symptoms of lymphedema.