Introduction
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes—the cells responsible for producing pigment (melanin). While melanoma is less common than other skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, it is by far the most dangerous. Over the years, the incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide, partly due to factors like excessive sun exposure and the popularity of tanning.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the chances of survival, as melanoma can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body quickly if not detected in time. Thankfully, advancements in both diagnosis and treatment options have improved outcomes, making it important to stay informed about how melanoma is diagnosed and treated.
What is Melanoma?
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that forms from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. It can occur anywhere on the skin but is more common in areas exposed to the sun, such as the back, chest, legs, and arms.
There are several types of melanoma:
Cutaneous melanoma (the most common) arises from the skin and is largely driven by sun exposure.
Mucosal melanoma develops on mucous membranes, such as the mouth, nasal passages, or genital area.
Uveal melanoma affects the eye, though it's much rarer than cutaneous melanoma.
Melanoma can grow rapidly and spread to other areas of the body, making it particularly dangerous. The key risk factors include a history of excessive sun exposure, use of tanning beds, fair skin, a family history of melanoma, and the presence of numerous or atypical moles.