Introduction
Ovarian tumors are growths or lumps that develop in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). While benign ovarian tumors are relatively common and often do not cause major health issues, malignant tumors can be dangerous and require prompt treatment.
The two main categories of ovarian tumors are epithelial tumors (which originate from the outer surface of the ovaries) and germ cell tumors (which develop from the egg-producing cells). Stromal tumors are another type, forming in the connective tissue of the ovaries. Early detection and proper treatment are key to managing ovarian tumors, particularly malignant ones, as they can spread quickly if not caught early.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors
If an ovarian tumor is suspected, doctors typically perform a series of diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of the tumor and determine its type. The process generally begins with a pelvic exam, where a healthcare provider feels for abnormal growths in the abdomen or pelvic area. However, additional tests are usually needed for a clearer picture:
Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and can help identify abnormal growths.
CT Scan or MRI: These scans give a more detailed view and can help determine the size and location of the tumor.
Blood Tests: A common test is the CA-125 blood test, which measures the level of a protein that is often elevated in women with ovarian cancer. However, this test isn't definitive and is typically combined with other diagnostic methods.
Biopsy: If a tumor is suspected to be cancerous, a biopsy may be done to take a small sample of the tissue for further analysis.
Once the tumor is confirmed, doctors use this information to stage the tumor (determine how far it has spread), which plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate treatment.